Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin,
phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor …

To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor
immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, is effective in …

To identify novel cancer therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has received a lot of
attention in recent years in particular with the advent of clinical successes achieved by …

As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts
(CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling …

Tumors are one of the main causes of death in humans. The development of safe and
effective methods for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors is a difficult problem that needs …

Among all the stromal cells that present in the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated
fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant and critical components of the tumor …

Cancer cells are well-known for adapting their metabolism to maintain high proliferation
rates and survive in unfavorable environments with low oxygen and nutritional deficiency …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer with a prominent extracellular
matrix (ECM) deposition and poor prognosis. High levels of ECM proteins derived from …

Mesenchymal cells are mesoderm-derived stromal cells that are best known for providing
structural support to organs, synthesizing and remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and …