In the years 919 and 1114, the mainland Chinese bamboo Phyllostachys bambusoides
seeded en masse. Sometime between 1716 and 1735, and again in 1844-1847, it seeded in …

In this paper, I review pollination systems in which plants provide breeding sites as a reward
for pollination. I divide the pollinators into three groups based upon ovipositing sites and the …

This chapter introduces and descibes the terms used for the identification of adult flies in this
manual, although the discussion of terms is not exclusively restricted to Diptera occurring in …

Grasslands, in particular managed pastures and rangelands, are widespread, covering
approximately 40%(52 million km²) of the Earth's land surface. They are dominated by …

Bamboos (subfamily Bambusoideae) comprise one of 12 subfamilies within the grass family
(Poaceae) and represent the only major grass lineage to diversify in forests. Bamboos are …

The ideal reference for students of botany and horticulture, gardeners, and naturalists. The
diverse external shapes and structures that make up flowering plants can be bewildering …

Ferms. Pteridophytes pther tham ferms. Fossil pteridophytes. Stelar theory. Cycads and
ginkgo. Conifers and taxads. Monocottledons; nymphacales. Vesseless dicotyledons …

The Diptera are the second most important order among flower-visiting (anthophilous) and
flower-pollinating insects worldwide. Their taxonomic diversity ranges from Nematocera to …

The order Poales comprises a substantial portion of plant life (7% of all angiosperms and
33% of monocots) and includes taxa of enormous economic and ecological significance …

Bees, like their wasp relatives, forage for and transport food to a nest as provisions for their
offspring. Unlike female Sphecoidea which transport arthropods one at a time as prey, bees …