Human populations have been concentrated along and exploiting the coastal zones for
millennia. Of regions with the highest human impacts on the oceans, 6 of the top 10 have …

Abstract Changes in marine plankton communities driven by environmental variability
impact the marine food web and global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and other …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Zooplankton are major primary consumers and predators in most aquatic ecosystems. They
exhibit tremendous diversity of traits, ecological strategies and, consequently, impacts on …

A perceived recent increase in global jellyfish abundance has been portrayed as a symptom
of degraded oceans. This perception is based primarily on a few case studies and anecdotal …

Salps are barrel-shaped, gelatinous zooplankton that regularly form large swarms. They
have historically been ignored because they are difficult to sample and their gelatinous body …

MARTIN THIEL ET AL. of simple methodologies to the capabilities of participants. Studies for
which volunteers needed to identify many different species and estimate their abundances …

Among marine organisms, gelatinous zooplankton (GZ; cnidarians, ctenophores, and
pelagic tunicates) are unique in their energetic efficiency, as the gelatinous body plan allows …

The pelagic tunicates, gelatinous zooplankton that include salps, doliolids, and
appendicularians, are filter feeding grazers thought to produce a significant amount of …

Large population fluctuations of jellyfish occur over a variety of temporal scales, from weekly
to seasonal, inter-annual and even decadal, with some regions of the world reported to be …