Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response
to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide …

Tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies are an integral
part of all terrestrial ecosystems. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play a key role in …

Metabolite formation is a biochemical and physiological feature of plants developed as an
environmental response during the evolutionary process. These metabolites help defend …

Plants respond to herbivory through various morphological, biochemicals, and molecular
mechanisms to counter/offset the effects of herbivore attack. The biochemical mechanisms of …

Summary 666 I. Introduction 667 II. Biosynthesis 667 III. Meta‐analysis 669 IV. The type of
stress influences the total amount of GLVs released 669 V. Herbivores can modulate the …

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

There has been a long-standing hypothesis that specialist and generalist insects interact
with plants in distinct ways. Although many tests exist, they typically compare only one …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and
indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host …

Box 9E. 1 Continued FIGURE 2. The C–S–R triangle model (Grime 1979). The strategies at
the three corners are C, competiti-winning species; S, stress-tolerating s-cies; R …

Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use
virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their …