Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Bacterial conjugation is the fundamental process of unidirectional transfer of DNAs, often
plasmid DNAs, from a donor cell to a recipient cell. It is the primary means by which …

Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Plant genetic transformation heavily relies on the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium
tumefaciens as a powerful tool to deliver genes of interest into a host plant. Inside the plant …

The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori has co-evolved with humans and colonizes
approximately 50% of the human population, but only causes overt gastric disease in a …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a versatile group of nanomachines that can
horizontally transfer DNA through conjugation and deliver effector proteins into a wide range …

Many bacteria have evolved specialized nanomachines with the remarkable ability to inject
multiple bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. Known as …

Pili are crucial virulence factors for many Gram-negative pathogens. These surface
structures provide bacteria with a link to their external environments by enabling them to …