The amygdala has been implicated in frustrated nonreward induced by unexpected reward
downshifts, using paradigms like consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) …

While classic models of animal decision-making assume that individuals assess the
absolute value of options, decades of research have shown that rewards are often evaluated …

Comparing different rewards automatically produces dynamic relative outcome effects on
behavior. Each new outcome exposure is to an updated version evaluated relative to …

While palatability depends on the properties of particular foods, it is also determined by prior
experience, suggesting that memory affects the hedonic value of a substance. Here, we …

Foraging theory assumes that animals assess value based on objective payoffs; however,
animals often evaluate rewards comparatively, forming expectations based on recent …

Successive negative contrast (SNC) involves a disruption of behavior when the paired
reward is unexpectedly reduced from a large to a small amount, relative to a control always …

Successive negative contrast (SNC) effects are changes in anticipatory or consummatory
behaviour when animals unexpectedly receive a lower value reward than they have …

Reduced sensitivity to physical pain (hypoalgesia) has been reported after events involving
reward devaluation. Reward devaluation was implemented in a consummatory successive …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 42 (3) of Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition (see record 2016-32548-006). In …

Social interactions/situations have dramatic influences on motivation. Creating animal
models examining these influences promotes a better understanding of the psychological …