Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are downstream targets of the serine/threonine
protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. The Akt kinase regulates processes of cellular proliferation and …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that have recently
introduced an additional level of intricacy to our understanding of gene regulation. There are …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known for its resistance to gemcitabine, which
acts to inhibit cell growth by termination of DNA replication. Tumor-associated macrophages …

In normal cells multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) converge to maintain a proper balance of
various processes, including proliferation, differentiation and cell death. miRNA …

Background Pancreatic cancer is associated with an extremely poor prognosis, so new
biomarkers that can detect the initial stages are urgently needed. The significance of serum …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly implicated in the regulation of metastasis. Despite
their potential as targets for anti-metastatic therapy, miRNAs have only been silenced in …

Background Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) have been described as a new mechanism of
cell-to-cell communication. MVs after internalization within target cells may deliver genetic …

Abstract MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) was reported to be overexpressed and contributes to
invasion and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim …

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy. This feature is believed to be partly
attributable to the chemotherapy-resistant characteristics of specific subgroups of pancreatic …

Resistance to anticancer agents is the major clinical obstacle to the successful treatment of
cancer, yet the mechanisms underlying drug resistance have not been fully characterized …