Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800
sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our …

The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware,
methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology …

Plant carotenoids are a family of pigments that participate in light harvesting and are
essential for photoprotection against excess light. Furthermore, they act as precursors for the …

▪ Abstract The involvement of excited and highly reactive intermediates in oxygenic
photosynthesis poses unique problems for algae and plants in terms of potential oxidative …

Rapid protein degradation and replacement is an important response to photodamage and
a means of photoprotection by recovering proteostasis. Protein turnover and translation …

During photosynthesis, plants must control the utilization of light energy in order to avoid
photoinhibition. We isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, pgr5 (proton gradient regulation), in …

Photosynthesis provides at least two routes through which light energy can be used to
generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, which is …

Iron is the quantitatively most important trace metal involved in thylakoid reactions of all
oxygenic organisms since linear (= non-cyclic) electron flow from H 2 O to NADP+ involves …

The photosynthetic electron transport chain consists of photosystem II, the cytochrome b6f
complex, photosystem I, and the free electron carriers plastoquinone and plastocyanin. Light …

During plant photosynthesis, photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII), located in the thylakoid
membranes of the chloroplast, use light energy to mobilize electron transport. Different …