The air–sea exchange of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays an important
role in mediating the climate state. The dominant role the SO plays in storing anthropogenic …

The response of near-Antarctic waters to freshening by increased glacial melt is investigated
using a high-resolution (0.1°) global ocean–sea ice model with realistic Antarctic water …

Global and regional ocean and sea ice reanalysis products (ORAs) are increasingly used in
polar research, but their quality remains to be systematically assessed. To address this, the …

In recent years, the Southern Ocean has experienced unprecedented surface warming and
sea ice loss—a stark reversal of the sea ice expansion and surface cooling that prevailed …

Observations show that since the 1950s, the Southern Ocean has stored a large amount of
anthropogenic heat and has freshened at the surface. These patterns can be attributed to …

Near-surface wind speed observations from 30 manned meteorological stations and 26
automatic weather stations over the Antarctic Ice Sheet are used to examine the robustness …

A large number of water masses are presented in the Atlantic Ocean, and knowledge of their
distributions and properties is important for understanding and monitoring of a range of …

Abstract Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) forms in deep mixed layers just north of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current in winter, playing a fundamental role in the ocean uptake of …

Using observationally based hydrographic and eddy diffusivity datasets, a volume budget
analysis is performed to identify the main mechanisms governing the spatial and seasonal …

Using an Argo dataset and the ECCOv4 reanalysis, a volume budget was performed to
address the main mechanisms driving the volume change of the interior water masses in the …