The combination of physical activity and being in nature is recognized as providing a range
of significant benefits. The objective of this literature review was to compile an overview of …

This review aims to search the epidemiology and incidence rates of thoracolumbar spine
fractures. A systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years gave 586 results with …

Climbing and mountaineering sports are gaining more and more public interest. This
chapter reviews scientific studies on injuries and accidents in climbing and mountaineering …

Participating in outdoor sports in blue spaces is recognized to produce a range of significant
social benefits. This case study empirically analyzes the social benefits associated with the …

Introduction Summer alpine sports, including mountain biking, hiking and airborne pursuits,
have experienced a recent surge in popularity. Accordingly, trauma associated with these …

To elucidate patterns of and risk factors for acute traumatic injuries in climbers in need of
professional rescue, a retrospective evaluation was performed of the Austrian National …

Abstract Introduction Extreme sports (ESs) are increasingly popular, and accidents due to
ESs sometimes require helicopter emergency medical services (HEMSs). Little is known …

Methods: A literature review on Medline, PubMed, and Google was performed. Overall, 216
abstracts were reviewed in English, German, and French, of which 50 articles were included …

Para-and hang-gliding are modern air sports that developed in the 20th century. Performers
should possess technical skills and manage certified equipment for successful flight. Injuries …

Introduction The volume, nature, and risks of paragliding are poorly quantified. More
comprehensive understanding, including incident rates allowing comparison to similar …