Synopsis “Sex” is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits of an
organism related to reproduction. However, these traits—gamete type, chromosomal …

Sexual reproduction is a diverse and widespread process. In gonochoristic species, the
differentiation of sexes occurs through diverse mechanisms, influenced by environmental …

Background Sex determination relies on a hierarchically structured network of genes, and is
one of the most plastic processes in evolution. The evolution of sex-determining genes …

This study reports on extensive experimental material covering more than 30 years of
studying the genetics of mole voles. Sex chromosomes of Ellobius demonstrate an …

Mus minutoides is one of the smallest mammals worldwide; however, the regulatory
mechanisms underlying its dwarfism have not been examined. Therefore, we aimed to …

Heterozygous mutations in the human SOX9 gene cause the skeletal malformation
syndrome campomelic dysplasia which in 75% of 46, XY individuals is associated with male …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor that plays
critical roles in embryonic and organ developments and is involved in diverse physiological …

Male sex determination in mammals is initiated by SRY, a Y-encoded transcription factor.
The protein contains a high-mobility-group (HMG) box mediating sequence-specific DNA …

X inactivation is a fundamental mechanism in eutherian mammals to restore a balance of X-
linked gene products between XY males and XX females. However, it has never been …