Despite being nutrient rich, the tissues and fluids of vertebrates are hostile to
microorganisms, and most bacteria that attempt to take advantage of this environment are …

Two-component regulatory systems represent the major paradigm for signal transduction in
prokaryotes. The simplest systems are composed of a sensor kinase and a response …

The Bae, Cpx, Psp, Rcs, and σE pathways constitute the Escherichia coli signaling systems
that detect and respond to alterations of the bacterial envelope. Contributions of these …

Two-component systems are the most common mechanism of transmembrane signal
transduction in bacteria. A typical system consists of a histidine kinase and a partner …

Transcriptional response of Escherichia coli upon exposure to external copper was studied
using DNA microarray and in vivo and in vitro transcription assays. Transcription of three …

In Escherichia coli, the two-component Cpx system comprising the CpxA sensor kinase and
the CpxR response regulator modulates gene expression in response to a variety of …

Enterobacter sp. SA187 is an endophytic bacterium that has been isolated from root nodules
of the indigenous desert plant Indigofera argentea. SA187 could survive in the rhizosphere …

Adaptive mutation is defined as a process that, during nonlethal selections, produces
mutations that relieve the selective pressure whether or not other, nonselected mutations are …

The copper stimulon in Escherichia coli consists of four regulons, the CueR-, CusS/CusR-,
CpxA/CpxR-, and YedV/YedW regulons. E. coli mutants defective in cpxRA showed higher …

The CpxAR two-component signal transduction system in Escherichia coli and other
pathogens senses diverse envelope stresses and promotes the transcription of a variety of …