Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence
has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is …

Obesity is a mostly preventable diet-related disease and currently a major challenge for
human populations worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor for diseases such as type 2 …

Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in
the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end …

The prevalence of obesity is a major cause of many chronic metabolic disorders, including
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Insulin …

In many animal experiments scientists and local authorities define a body-weight reduction
of 20% or more as severe suffering and thereby as a potential parameter for humane …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a protein highly synthesized in the liver that exerts
paracrine and endocrine control of many aspects of energy homeostasis in multiple tissues …

Parabens are preservatives widely used in consumer products including cosmetics and
food. Whether low-dose paraben exposure may cause adverse health effects has been …

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, and morbid disease. In the United States, 69% of adults
are overweight or have obesity, and the global prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity …

Obesity is primarily a consequence of consuming calories beyond energetic requirements,
but underpinning drivers have not been fully defined. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons …

Food intake and energy expenditure are key regulators of body weight. To regulate food
intake, the brain must integrate physiological signals and hedonic cues. The brain plays an …