This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be
explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep …

Several theories claim that dreaming is a random by-product of REM sleep physiology and
that it does not serve any natural function. Phenomenal dream content, however, is not as …

Increasingly strong evidence suggests that cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine
tegmentum play important roles in the control of wakefulness and sleep. To understand …

RECENT PET imaging and brain lesion studies in humans are integrated with new basic
research findings at the cellular level in animals to explain how the formal cognitive features …

Increased discharge activity of mesopontine cholinergic neurons participates in the
production of electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal; such arousal diminishes as a function …

The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) contains a population of cholinergic
neurons (the Ch5 group) and non-cholinergic neurons. There appears to be functional …

Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental and
pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei in a brain-slice preparation. The action of exogenously …

Microinjections of the cholinergic receptor agonist nicotine and the cholinesterase inhibitor
neostigmine were made into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of urethane-anesthetized rats …

Pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) waves are recorded during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
from the pontine reticular formation. 2. PGO wave-like field potentials can also be recorded …