Mosquito-borne diseases, the most well known of which is malaria, are among the leading
causes of human deaths worldwide. Vector control is a very important part of the global …

Insecticide resistance is one of the most important evolutionary phenomena for researchers.
Overuse of chemicals has induced resistance in insect pests that ultimately has led to the …

The use of pyrethroid insecticides in malaria vector control has increased dramatically in the
past decade through the scale up of insecticide treated net distribution programmes and …

Insecticide resistance is an inherited characteristic involving changes in one or more insect
gene. The molecular basis of these changes are only now being fully determined, aided by …

Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical
signaling in the nervous system. The intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod …

Human arboviral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya
and yellow fever remain global public health threats to date. Of these diseases, dengue …

The prospect of malaria eradication has been raised recently by the Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation with support from the international community. There are significant lessons to …

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control insect pests and human disease vectors.
Voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary targets of pyrethroid insecticides. Mutations …

Constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and
favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. One of the most …

Background Single amino acid substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel
associated with pyrethroid resistance constitute one of the main causative factors of …