All bacterial populations harbor a small fraction of transiently antibiotic-tolerant cells called
persisters. These phenotypic variants compromise successful antibiotic treatment because …

Enzymes that phosphorylate, dephosphorylate, and ligate RNA 5′ and 3′ ends were
discovered more than half a century ago and were eventually shown to repair purposeful …

Abstract CRISPR-associated Rossmann Fold (CARF) and S MODS-a ssociated and fused to
v arious e ffector d omains (SAVED) are key components of c yclic oligonucleotide-b ased a …

RNA ligases are present across all forms of life. While enzymatic RNA ligation between 5′-
PO4 and 3′-OH termini is prevalent in viruses, fungi, and plants, such RNA ligases are yet …

Cellular RNA molecules contain phosphate or hydroxyl ends. A 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphate
(cP) is one of the 3′-terminal forms of RNAs mainly generated from RNA cleavage by …

To conserve energy during starvation and stress, many organisms use hibernation factor
proteins to inhibit protein synthesis and protect their ribosomes from damage,. In bacteria …

For a long a time programmed cell death was thought to be a unique characteristic of higher
eukaryotes, but evidence has accumulated showing that programmed cell death is a …

Many bacteria contain an RNA repair operon, encoding the RtcB RNA ligase and the RtcA
RNA cyclase, that is regulated by the RtcR transcriptional activator. Although RtcR contains …

RtcB enzymes are RNA ligases that play essential roles in tRNA splicing, unfolded protein
response, and RNA repair. In metazoa, RtcB functions as part of a five-subunit tRNA ligase …

Protein translation is the most common target of toxin-antitoxin system (TA) toxins. Sequence-
specific endoribonucleases digest RNA in a sequence-specific manner, thereby blocking …