Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with
physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for …

Issues Assessing drug and alcohol inpatient withdrawal treatment programs is important, as
these represent a first step of treatment among people with alcohol and drug problems …

Background: Cocaine is a psychostimulant drug with high addictive proprieties. Evidence
suggests that cocaine use leads to critical changes in the immune system, with significant …

Background: The COVID-19 infection is a novel virus that mainly targets the respiratory
system via specific receptors without any coronavirus-targeted therapies. Many efforts have …

Background Early life stress (ELS) and addiction are related to age-related diseases and
telomere shortening. However, the role of telomere length (TL) in crack cocaine addiction …

Crack-cocaine is a cocaine by-product widely consumed by general population in
developing countries. The drug is low cost and is associated with more intense effects when …

Background There is growing emphasis in the field of psychiatry on the need to identify
candidate biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and clinical management of addictive disorders …

Crack is a central nervous system stimulant extracted from the Erythroxylum coca plant. It is
considered the most potent and addictive form of cocaine, and its euphoric effects are …

Crack cocaine is a highly toxic drug with great potential to induce addiction. It produces
more intense effects than cocaine powder, with its use having grown worldwide. However …

Early life stress (ELS) has been associated with biological and psychosocial alterations due
to developmental reprogramming. Here, we investigated whether childhood maltreatment is …