Kidney stones (also known as urinary stones or nephrolithiasis) are highly prevalent,
affecting approximately 10% of adults worldwide, and the incidence of stone disease is …

Amino acids are necessary for all living cells and organisms. Specialized transporters
mediate the transfer of amino acids across plasma membranes. Malfunction of these …

Although nerve cell death is the hallmark of many neurological diseases, the processes
underlying this death are still poorly defined. However, there is a general consensus that …

The SLC (solute carrier)-type transporters (~ 400 in number) in mammalian cells consist of
52 distinct gene families, grouped solely based on the amino acid sequence (primary …

Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B 0 AT1 (SLC6A19) and imino acid
(proline) transporter SIT1 (SLC6A20) are expressed at the luminal membrane of small …

Context: The pathogenetic mechanisms of kidney stone formation are complex and involve
both metabolic and environmental risk factors. Over the past decade, major advances have …

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency, cystinuria, Dent disease, familial
hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and primary …

The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and
sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important …

The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1 or SLC7A5) transports large neutral amino acids
across the membrane and is crucial for brain drug delivery and tumor growth. LAT1 forms a …

Amino acids are essential building blocks of all mammalian cells. In addition to their role in
protein synthesis, amino acids play an important role as energy fuels, precursors for a …