Glucosinolates (GSs) are sulfur-containing secondary metabolites characteristic of
cruciferous plants [1, 2]. Their breakdown products, isothiocyanates (ITCs), are released …

General odorant-binding proteins (GOBPs) are long considered responsible for the
perception of plant odorants. In this study with the important noctuid pest Spodoptera litura …

BACKGROUND Mythimna loreyi is an important agricultural pest with a sensitive sex
pheromone communication system. To clarify the pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and …

The insect olfaction plays crucial roles in many important behaviors, in which ORs are key
determinants for signal transduction and the olfactory specificity. Spodoptera litura is a …

Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is difficult and costly to control as a quarantine
pest found globally. Sex pheromone trapping is an effective measure for its population …

Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a worldwide migratory pest that is developing strong
resistance to various chemical insecticides. It has been determined that four natural …

Pheromone receptors (PRs) found in the antennae of male moths play a vital role in the
recognition of sex pheromones released by females. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera …

Pheromone receptors (PRs) are key proteins in the molecular mechanism of pheromone
recognition, and exploring the functional differentiation of PRs between closely related …

Moths often use multi-component pheromones with fixed ratios to keep intraspecific
communication and interspecific isolation. Unusually, the Oriental armyworm Mythimna …

Background In insects, the chemosensory system is crucial in guiding their behaviors for
survival. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a worldwide leaf-eating …