Ketamine (Ket) was developed in 1962 as a less hallucinogenic and shorter acting agent
than phencyclidine. It was given to humans for the first time in 1964. However, Ket produces …

Ketamine, a nonselective NMDA receptor antagonist, is used widely in medicine as an
anesthetic agent. However, ketamine's mechanisms of action lead to widespread …

Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of the pretreatment of S-ketamine on
postoperative depression (POD) for breast cancer patients with mild/moderate depression …

Post-stroke chronic stress (PSCS) is generally associated with the poorer recovery and more
pronounced cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence has implied that S-ketamine can reduce …

Objectives To assess the effects of thoracic paravertebral block and s-ketamine on
postoperative pain and perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in video-assisted …

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of S-ketamine (S-KET)
against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)–induced liver damage and oxidative stress, as well as to …

Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and stroke initiate a cascade of
processes that expand the area of tissue loss. The current review considers recent studies …

Background Opioids are widely used for perioperative pain control in dogs undergoing
spinal surgery, but alternatives may be required because data suggest that opioids …

Trauma in spinal cord injury often results in massive damage to the white matter and in
damage to myelin that results in a severe phagocyte-rich infiltration apparently directed at …

Morphine is one of the most commonly used and effective analgesic drugs in clinical
practice. Morphine injected directly into the epidural and subarachnoid space acts directly …