Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat
stores, with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves. Besides adipose tissue, leptin …

Exposure to environmental factors in early life can influence developmental processes and
long-term health in humans. Early life nutrition and maternal diet are well-known examples …

Strong evidence indicates that adverse prenatal and early postnatal environments have a
significant long-term influence on risk factors that result in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is strongly associated with obesity in adult life. The
mechanisms contributing to the onset of IUGR‐associated adult obesity have been studied …

The global pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is often causally linked to changes in
diet and lifestyle; namely increased intake of calorically dense foods and concomitant …

Epidemiological studies demonstrated initially that maternal undernutrition results in low
birth weight with increased risk for long-lasting energy balance disorders. Maternal obesity …

Epidemiological studies in humans and controlled intervention studies in animals have
shown that nutritional programming in early periods of life is a phenomenon that affects …

Based on the concept of Developmental Origin of Health and Disease, both human and
animal studies have demonstrated a close link between nutrient supply perturbations in the …

Nutritional infertility is very common in societies where women fail to eat enough to match
their energy expenditure and such females often present as clinical cases of anorexia …

Background Low birth weight has been linked to an increased risk to develop obesity, type 2
diabetes, and hypertension in adult life, although the mechanisms underlying the …