Research on video gaming has been challenged by the way to properly measure individual
play experience as a continuum, and current research primarily focuses on persons with …

Kynurenine metabolites are emerging as promising clinical biomarkers in several diseases,
especially within psychiatry. Unfortunately, they are difficult to detect, particularly the …

Background/Objectives: Substance use disorder is a crisis impacting many people in the
United States. This review aimed to identify the effect addictive substances have on the …

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are often associated with higher rates of mental
health issues and problematic behaviors within the US college population. Therefore, the …

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in interest in the role of the kynurenine
pathway (KP) in mechanisms associated with addictive behavior. Numerous reports …

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a normative dataset is generated from the
published literature on the kynurenine pathway in control participants extracted from case …

Since game mechanics and their visual aspects have become more and more addictive,
there is concern about the growing prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). In the …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important cofactor involved in many redox
reactions. NAD+ serves as an important substrate for several redox reactions necessary to …

Objective Growing evidence suggests an abnormal metabolism of kynurenine in individuals
with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at …

Simple Summary Animal welfare assessment is crucial for farm animal health and
productivity. New standardized biomarkers are needed to gain a complete picture of the …