Over the past decade, whole genome sequencing and other'omics' technologies have
defined pathogenic driver mutations to which tumor cells are addicted. Such addictions …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

One of the major challenges in modern biology is to understand how the molecular
components of a living cell operate in a highly noisy environment. What are the specific …

Membranes are essential for life. They act as semi-permeable boundaries that define cells
and organelles. In addition, their surfaces actively participate in biochemical reaction …

We outline our perspective on stochastic chemical kinetics, paying particular attention to
numerical simulation algorithms. We first focus on dilute, well-mixed systems, whose …

Eukaryotic cells face the challenging task of transporting a variety of particles through the
complex intracellular milieu in order to deliver, distribute, and mix the many components that …

Most cellular processes depend on intracellular locations and random collisions of
individual protein molecules. To model these processes, we developed algorithms to …

T cell activation is a crucial checkpoint in adaptive immunity, and this activation depends on
the binding parameters that govern the interactions between T cell receptors (TCRs) and …

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is comprised of a three-tiered kinase
cascade. The distributive kinetic mechanism of two-site MAP kinase phosphorylation …

Context Under irradiation, a biological system undergoes a cascade of chemical reactions
that can lead to an alteration of its normal operation. There are different types of radiation …