BACKGROUND Biodiversity is under siege, with greatly enhanced rates of local and global
extinction and the decline of once-abundant species. Current rates of human-induced …

One way of mitigating global climate change is protecting and enhancing biosphere carbon
stocks. The success of mitigation initiatives depends on the long-term net balance between …

Measures aimed at conservation or restoration of ecosystems are often seen as net‐cost
projects by governments and businesses because they are based on incomplete and often …

Payments for environmental services (PES) are popular despite little empirical evidence of
their effectiveness. We estimate the impact of PES on forest cover in a region known for …

The crucial role of biodiversity in the links between ecosystems and societies has been
repeatedly highlighted both as source of wellbeing and as a target of human actions, but not …

Many ecosystems have been transformed, or degraded by human use, and restoration offers
an opportunity to recover services and benefits, not to mention intrinsic values. We assessed …

Abstract The Socio Bosque program is a national conservation agreement scheme of the
government of Ecuador. Socio Bosque consists of the transfer of a direct monetary incentive …

Commodity crop expansion, for both global and domestic urban markets, follows multiple
land change pathways entailing direct and indirect deforestation, and results in various …

Recently in Vietnam, a coalition of international NGOs, donors and government officials
have been promoting market-based forest conservation projects in the form of payments for …

Mesoamerica provides a unique context for biodiversity conservation in managed
landscapes because of its geography, history of human intervention, and present …