Recent pandemics, including the COVID-19 outbreak, have brought up growing concerns
about transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans. This highlights the …

This review explores the origins of intracellular parasitism, an intriguing facet of symbiosis,
where one organism harms its host, potentially becoming deadly. We focus on three …

Parasites impose fitness costs on their hosts. Biologists often assume that natural selection
favors infection-resistant hosts. Yet, when the immune response itself is costly, theory …

When challenged with an invading pathogen, the host-defense response is engaged to
eliminate the pathogen (resistance) and to maintain health in the presence of the pathogen …

Until recently, it was assumed that insects lack immune memory since they do not have
vertebrate-like specialized memory cells. Therefore, their most well studied evolutionary …

Pathogen adaptations during host-pathogen co-evolution can cause the host balance
between immunity and immunopathology to rapidly shift. However, little is known in natural …

Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses.
All human pandemics have been caused by the members of two major virus families …

Scientists have made great efforts to understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) to provide crucial information to public health …

Bats are reservoirs of a large number of viruses of global public health significance,
including the ancestral virus for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Species-specific neural inflammation can be induced by profound immune signalling from
periphery to brain. Recent advances in transcriptomics offer cost-effective approaches to …