The immunogenicity of cancer cells is an emerging determinant of anti‐cancer
immunotherapy. Beyond developing immunostimulatory regimens like dendritic cell‐based …

The three-signal paradigm tries to capture how the innate immune system instructs adaptive
immune responses in three well-defined actions:(1) presentation of antigenic peptides in the …

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-
1/programmed cell death ligand-1 axis have significantly shifted the treatment paradigm in …

Cancer immunotherapy is experiencing a renaissance spearheaded by immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs). This has spurred interest in 'upgrading'existing immunotherapies that …

Nanobiotechnology, as a novel and more specialized branch of science, has provided a
number of nanostructures such as nanoparticles, by utilizing the methods, techniques, and …

Identification of immunogenic tumor antigens that are efficiently processed and delivered by
dendritic cells to prime the immune system and to induce an appropriate immune response …

Antigen delivery has always been a challenge in scientific practice of vaccine formulation.
Yet, mammalian extracellular vesicles (EVs) or bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) provide …

Dendritic cell (DC) based cancer immunotherapy aims at the activation of the immune
system, and in particular tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eradicate the …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are versatile elements of the immune system and are best known for
their unparalleled ability to initiate and modulate adaptive immune responses. During the …

Abstract Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is a complex disorder caused by the
pandemic diffusion of a novel coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2. Clinical manifestations …