Applying a social determinants of health framework, this review brings attention to evidence
from social sciences and neuroscience on the role of selected social factors in individual …

Can social–psychological theory provide insight into the extreme racial disparities in school
disciplinary action in the United States? Disciplinary problems carry enormous …

There are substantial gaps in educational outcomes between black and white students in
the United States. Recently, increased attention has focused on differences in the rates at …

After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of incarceration in the
United States more than quadrupled in the past four decades. The Committee on the …

A birder strolling in Central Park. A college student lounging on a university quad. Two men
sitting in a coffee shop. Perfectly ordinary actions in ordinary settings—and yet, they sparked …

The historic increase in US incarceration rates made the transition from prison to community
common for poor, prime-age men and women. Leaving prison presents the challenge of …

The expansion of the penal system has been one of the most dramatic trends in
contemporary American society. A wealth of research has examined the impact of …

The authors investigate potential discrimination against people with disabilities through a
field experiment that sent job applications to 6,016 accounting positions for which the …

Unprecedented numbers of children experience parental incarceration worldwide. Families
and children of prisoners can experience multiple difficulties after parental incarceration …

Ample experimental evidence shows that the stigma of a prison record reduces employment
opportunities (Pager, 2007). Yet background checks today uncover a much broader range of …