Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this
immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection …

Keloids constitute an abnormal fibroproliferative wound healing response in which raised
scar tissue grows excessively and invasively beyond the original wound borders. This …

The classical vision of type 2 immune reactions is that they are characterized by a distinct
cellular and cytokine repertoire that is critical for host resistance against helminthic worm …

Keloids are considered as benign fibroproliferative skin tumors growing beyond the site of
the original dermal injury. Although traditionally viewed as a form of skin scarring, keloids …

Fibrosis is a pathological process caused by abnormal wound healing response, which
often leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, distortion of organ architecture …

T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are important regulators of humoral responses. Human Tfh
polarization pathways have been thus far associated with Th1 and Th17 polarization …

Pentraxins such as serum amyloid P (SAP; also known as PTX2) regulate several aspects of
the innate immune system. SAP inhibits the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblast …

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was initially demonstrated to be critical in regulating
inflammatory responses among various allergic disorders (such as atopic dermatitis, food …

Skin acts as the primary interface between the body and the environment. The skin immune
system is composed of a complex network of immune cells and factors that provide the first …

Inflammation is a key phase in the cutaneous wound repair process. The activation of
inflammatory cells is critical for preventing infection in contaminated wounds and results in …