Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure≥ 25 mm Hg
at rest, measured during right heart catheterization. There is still insufficient evidence to add …

The diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) includes several
advances, such as a broader recognition of extrapulmonary vascular organ system …

Background—When advanced, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is
readily apparent. However, diagnosis of earlier disease may be challenging because …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is most often diagnosed in its advanced stages because of
the nonspecific nature of early symptoms and signs. Although clinical assessment is …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease, classified as group 2 according to
the Dana Point 2008 classification, is believed to be the most common cause of PH and is …

The inherent assumptions of the PVR equation are that (mPAP− LAP)/CO relationships are
linear and cross the line of origin. If these assumptions are correct, PVR should be …

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by sustained elevations of
pulmonary-artery pressure without a demonstrable cause. The diagnostic criteria used in the …

Background: Single measurements of left ventricular filling pressure at rest lack sensitivity for
identifying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with dyspnea on …

Exercise stresses the pulmonary circulation through increases in cardiac output (Q.) and left
atrial pressure. Invasive as well as noninvasive studies in healthy volunteers show that the …