The immune system has tailored its effector functions to optimally respond to distinct species
of microbes. Based on emerging knowledge on the different effector T-cell and innate …

The pleiotropic effect of cytokines has been well documented, but the effects triggered by
unique cytokines in different T cell types are still under investigation. The most relevant …

Macrophages are able to polarize to proinflammatory M1 or alternative M2 states with
distinct phenotypes and physiological functions. How metabolic status regulates …

Immunization with high doses of irradiated sporozoites delivered by the bites of infected
mosquitoes has been shown to induce protective responses against malaria, mediated in …

Tissue-resident memory T (T RM) cells serve as a first line of defense in peripheral tissues to
protect the organism against foreign pathogens. However, autoreactive T RM cells are …

The pathophysiology of CRS is multifactorial and complex yet needs to be completed.
Recent evidence emphasizes the crucial part played by epithelial cells in the development …

This study demonstrates that 24 h following viral vector-based vaccination IL-13Rα2
functions as a master sensor on conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), abetted by high protein …

Purpose Obesity has emerged as one of the biggest health crisis and is the leading cause of
death and disabilities around the world. BMI trends suggest that majority of the increase in …

T cells rely on a duality of TCR and γc cytokine signals for development, activation and
peripheral T cell homeostasis. Previous data had suggested that the requirements for CD4 …

Despite advances in the treatment of asthma, optimization of symptom control remains an
unmet need in many patients. These patients, labeled severe asthma, are responsible for a …