Introduction The ability to monitor the response to therapy for tuberculosis (TB) and confirm
adequate treatment would be a major advance. The utility of interferon gamma assays …

IFN-γ responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigens are used as in vitro
diagnostic tests for tuberculosis infection. The tests are sensitive and specific for latent and …

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a key homeostatic cytokine, with therapeutic applications in both
immunogenic and tolerogenic immune modulation. Clinical use has been hampered by …

Background There is a need for simple tools such as the M. tuberculosis specific IFN-γ
release assays (IGRA) to improve diagnosis of M. tuberculosis-infection in children. The aim …

Background The suboptimal sensitivity of Interferon (IFN)-γ-based in-vitro assays, especially
in immunocompromised individuals, emphasizes the need for alternative markers for …

It has been reported that IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐12 stimulate, and that IL‐10, TGF‐β, and IL‐4
suppress the protective immune response against tuberculosis. We aim to evaluate changes …

For centuries the treatment of TB has presented an enormous challenge to global health. In
the 20th century, the treatment of TB patients with long-term multidrug therapy gave hope …

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines
and the acute phase response (APR) as markers of the response to treatment of pulmonary …

Exosomes are nanovesicles shed by cells as a means of communication with other cells.
Exosomes contain mRNAs, microRNAs (miRs) and functional proteins. In the present paper …

Background blood cytokines and chemokines have been proposed as biomarkers for
tuberculosis (TB). Recently, some immune mediators found in the urine of patients with renal …