Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria are insect pathogens that produce different Cry and Cyt toxins
to kill their hosts. Here we review the group of three-domain Cry (3d-Cry) toxins. Expression …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are insect pathogens that rely on insecticidal pore
forming proteins known as Cry and Cyt toxins to kill their insect larval hosts. At least four …

Parasporal crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are the main virulence
factors underlying Bt toxicity to insects. Parasporal crystals are composed primarily of Cry …

Bacteria, as well as higher organisms such as sea anemones or earthworms, have
developed sophisticated virulence factors such as the pore-forming toxins (PFTs) to mount …

B acillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria produce insecticidal Cry and Cyt proteins used in the
biological control of different insect pests. In this review, we will focus on the 3d-Cry toxins …

The membrane attack complex and perforin proteins (MACPFs) and bacterial cholesterol-
dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are two branches of a large and diverse superfamily of pore …

Insecticide resistance to the microbial insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis
(Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) represents a serious threat to their success. Available …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains produce pore-forming toxins (PFTs) that attack insect pests.
Information for pre-pore and pore structures of some of these Bt toxins is available. However …

Pore-forming toxins constitute a class of potent virulence factors that attack their host
membrane in a two-or three-step mechanism. After binding to the membrane, often aided by …

The insecticidal feature of the three-domain Cry δ-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis is
generally attributed to their capability to form oligomeric pores, causing lysis of target larval …