4D printing has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of biomedical
engineering, offering the potential for dynamic, stimuli-responsive structures with …

Carriers are equally important as drugs. They can substantially improve bioavailability of
cargos and safeguard healthy cells from toxic effects of certain therapeutics. Recently …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) are appealing candidates among active materials for 4D
printing, due to their reversible, programmable and rapid actuation capabilities. Recent …

Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has become a commonly used polymer for additive manufacturing
because of its bio-derived nature, useful mechanical properties, and excellent …

Abstract 4D printing technology has garnered significant attention for its ability to reshape
3D printed structures under external stimuli over time. However, the 4D printing of pure …

Soft actuators have brought significant advancements to robotics, allowing robots to perform
a diverse range of tasks across various domains. However, the increased use of soft …

Abstract 4D printing aims to incorporate a product's blueprint into a flexible, intelligent
material using a standard 3D printer. It can be assembled or transformed into the desired …

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) composite actuators are extraordinary since they can
be controlled remotely, move swiftly, adapt to rough surfaces, and engage with humans in a …

Abstract 4D printing combines 3D printing with nanomaterials to create shape-morphing
materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive functionalities. In this study, reversible addition …

High-performance/multifunctional metallic components primarily determine the service
performance of equipment applied in the aerospace, aviation, and automobile industries …