Gliomas are the common type of brain tumors originating from glial cells. Epidemiologically,
gliomas occur among all ages, more often seen in adults, which males are more susceptible …

Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The
current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant …

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Despite the fact that they are
relatively rare, they cause significant morbidity and mortality. High-grade gliomas or …

During the past decade, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has become an
important component of the treatment paradigm for numerous malignancies, especially PD …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor
of the central nervous system and has a very poor prognosis. The current standard of care …

The blockade of immune checkpoints (ICPs), such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated
protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), has propelled …

Cancer is a critical issue globally with high incidence and mortality, imposing great burden
on the society. Although great progress has been made in immunotherapy based on …

In this era of precision medicine, with the help of biomarkers, immunotherapy has
significantly improved prognosis of many patients with malignant tumor. Deficient mismatch …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and
metastasis. Since immune cells represent a large fraction of the TME, they play a key role in …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aggressive growth and high rates of recurrence.
Despite the advancements in conventional therapies, the prognosis for GBM patients …