Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence
mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations …

Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the
M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in …

Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the
surrounding micro‐environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication is prevented by the establishment
on infection of cellular HIV-1 reservoirs that are not fully characterized, especially in genital …

Macrophages are important players in the fight against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic
infections. From a resting state they may undertake two activation pathways, the classical …

In people living with HIV (PLWH) who are failing or unable to access combination
antiretroviral therapy (cART), monocytes and macrophages are important drivers of …

Macrophages are widely distributed innate immune cells that play indispensable roles in the
innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens and in‐tissue homeostasis …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pathophysiological similarities between
chronic infections and atherosclerosis triggered interest in a clinical association between …

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus
type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals. However, even long term ART does not eradicate HIV …

Macrophages, found in circulating blood as well as integrated into several tissues and
organs throughout the body, represent an important first line of defense against disease and …