Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel protein expressed in the central nervous
system (CNS). AQP4 is densely expressed in astrocyte end-feet, and is an important factor in …

Blood-based protein biomarkers have revolutionized several fields of medicine by enabling
molecular level diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy …

Background Spinal cord astrocyte swelling is an important component to spinal cord edema
and is associated with poor functional recovery as well as therapeutic resistance after spinal …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main concerns worldwide as there is still no
comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) …

Abstract Background About 2.8 million TBI-related emergency department visits,
hospitalizations and deaths occurred in 2013 in the United States. Post-traumatic epilepsy …

This study aimed to investigate the role of tanshinone IIA (TSO IIA) in astrocytic swelling
caused by ischemia–reperfusion-like injury in an in vitro model and the molecular …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health challenge that is also the third leading
cause of death worldwide. It is also the leading cause of long-term disability in children and …

Neuronal signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) associates with release of K+ into
the extracellular space resulting in transient increases in [K+] o. This elevated K+ is swiftly …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as an acute degenerative pathology of the central
nervous system, and has been shown to increase brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid membrane-bound vesicles that can pass the
blood–brain barrier. Therefore, EVs could be used for the delivery of therapeutics to the …