Changes in the properties and postsynaptic abundance of AMPA-type glutamate receptors
(AMPARs) are major mechanisms underlying various forms of synaptic plasticity, including …

Sleep is universal, tightly regulated, and its loss impairs cognition. But why does the brain
need to disconnect from the environment for hours every day? The synaptic homeostasis …

Background Long-term loss of arm function after ischaemic stroke is common and might be
improved by vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation. We aimed to determine …

The brain processes information through multiple layers of neurons. This deep architecture
is representationally powerful, but complicates learning because it is difficult to identify the …

Synaptic plasticity is believed to be a key physiological mechanism for learning. It is well
established that it depends on pre-and postsynaptic activity. However, models that rely …

Objective/Hypothesis Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established therapy for drug-
resistant epilepsy, depression, and a number of other disorders. Transcutaneous stimulation …

The study of synaptic plasticity and specifically LTP and LTD is one of the most active areas
of research in neuroscience. In the last 25 years we have come a long way in our …

Hippocampal place cells take part in sequenced patterns of reactivation after behavioral
experience, known as replay. Since replay was first reported, nearly 20 years ago, many …

In spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), the order and precise temporal interval
between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes determine the sign and magnitude of long …

Classical Hebbian learning puts the emphasis on joint pre-and postsynaptic activity, but
neglects the potential role of neuromodulators. Since neuromodulators convey information …