Translation regulation largely occurs during initiation, which features ribosome assembly
onto mRNAs and selection of the translation start site. Short, upstream ORFs (uORFs) …

A common need for microbial cells is the ability to respond to potentially toxic environmental
insults. Here we review the progress in understanding the response of the yeast …

Aerobic life requires organisms to resist the damaging effects of ROS (reactive oxygen
species), particularly during stress. Extensive research has established a detailed picture of …

The protein kinase Gcn2 is present in virtually all eukaryotes and is of increasing interest
due to its involvement in a large array of crucial biological processes. Some of these are …

Cells respond to defects in mitochondrial function by activating signaling pathways that
restore homeostasis. The mitochondrial peptide exporter HAF-1 and the bZip transcription …

With the development of new technologies in recent years, researchers have made
significant progress in crop breeding. Modern breeding differs from traditional breeding …

In this review, we provide an overview of protein synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. The mechanism of protein synthesis is well conserved between yeast and other …

During development and cellular differentiation, tissue-and cell-specific programs mediate
mitochondrial biogenesis to meet physiological needs. However, environmental and …

Background It is becoming increasingly clear that stress and metabolic signalling networks
interact and that this interaction is important in plant responses to herbivory, pathogen …

In cells exposed to environmental stress, inhibition of translation initiation conserves energy
for the repair of cellular damage. Untranslated mRNAs that accumulate in these cells move …