Primordial black holes (PBHs) represent a natural candidate for one of the components of
the dark matter (DM) in the Universe. In this review, we shall discuss the basics of their …

Although dark matter is a central element of modern cosmology, the history of how it became
accepted as part of the dominant paradigm is often ignored or condensed into an anecdotal …

Astronomical observations reveal a major deficiency in our understanding of physics—the
detectable mass is insufficient to explain the observed motions in a huge variety of systems …

Abstract The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is a multi-band imaging survey designed for
cosmological studies from weak lensing and photometric redshifts. It uses the European …

A wealth of astronomical data indicate the presence of mass discrepancies in the Universe.
The motions observed in a variety of classes of extragalactic systems exceed what can be …

The history of the dark matter problem can be traced back to at least the 1930s, but it was not
until the early 1970s that the issue of 'missing matter'was widely recognized as problematic …

We study the dynamics of cold molecular gas in two main-sequence galaxies at cosmic
noon (zC-488879 at z≃ 1.47 and zC-400569 at z≃ 2.24) using new high-resolution ALMA …

The current standard model of cosmology (SMoC) requires The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem
to be true according to which two types of dwarf galaxies must exist: primordial dark-matter …

The concordance model of cosmology, ΛCDM, provides a satisfactory description of the
evolution of the universe and the growth of large-scale structure. Despite considerable effort …

Our understanding of galaxies, the building blocks of the Universe has advanced
significantly in recent years. New observations from ground-and space-based telescopes …