Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognition molecules for multiple pathogens, including
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 and TLR6, which …

The innate immune response was once considered to be a limited set of responses that
aimed to contain an infection by primitive'ingest and kill'mechanisms, giving the host time to …

Patients with loss of function in the gene encoding the master regulator of central tolerance
AIRE suffer from a devastating disorder called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 …

Candida albicans infections range from superficial to systemic and are one of the leading
causes of fungus-associated nosocomial infections. The innate immune responses during …

The recognition of carbohydrate moieties by cells of the innate immune system is emerging
as an essential element in antifungal immunity, but despite the number and diversity of …

There is currently increasing concern about the relation between microbial infections and
cancer. More and more studies support the view that there is an association, above all, when …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as a major class of pattern-recognition
receptors. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by TLRs, either …

Candida species are major causes of infections affecting either body surfaces or the deep
tissues. Candida is a complex pathogen and the immune system uses various cells, cell …

The recognition of fungi is mediated by germline pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such
as Toll-like receptors and lectin receptors that interact with conserved structures of the …

Experiments with insects, protozoa, nematodes, and slime molds have recently come to the
forefront in the study of host–fungal interactions. Many of the virulence factors required for …