Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with
more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth …

Purpose of Review A wide variety of triggers prompt attacks in episodic migraine. Although
experimental triggers such as glyceryl trinitrate reliably produce migraine, natural triggers …

Cocoa contains more phenolic antioxidants than most foods. Flavonoids, including catechin,
epicatechin, and procyanidins predominate in antioxidant activity. The tricyclic structure of …

Background Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms. Many previous
studies have indicated a relationship between primary headaches and alcohol. Drinking has …

Background Blau theorized that migraine triggers are exposures that in higher amounts
would damage the brain. The recent discovery that the TRPA1 ion channel transduces …

Background The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the literature investigating a
causal relationship between stress and migraine and evaluate its implications for managing …

Migraine is a chronic disorder, and caffeine has been linked with migraine for many years,
on the one hand as a trigger, and on the other hand as a cure. As most of the population …

Migraineurs often describe environmental triggers of their headaches, such as barometric
pressure change, bright sunlight, flickering lights, air quality, and odors. Environmental …

Objective In this second of a 2‐part series, we review the available literature on trigger
factors and premonitory features in migraine. Background In the absence of biological …

Consumption of caffeine in the diet, both daily and occasional, has a significant biological
effect on the nervous system. Caffeine, through various and not yet fully investigated …