Do new anatomical structures arise de novo, or do they evolve from pre-existing structures?
Advances in developmental genetics, palaeontology and evolutionary developmental …

The morphological and functional evolution of appendages has played a crucial role in the
adaptive radiation of tetrapods, arthropods and winged insects. The origin and …

Targeted gene disruption in the mouse shows that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene plays a
critical role in patterning of vertebrate embryonic tissues, including the brain and spinal cord …

The zebrafish embryo is a useful small model for investigating vertebrate development
because of its transparency, low cost, transgenic and morpholino capabilities, conservation …

Wrists, ankles and digits distinguish tetrapod limbs from fins, but direct evidence on the
origin of these features has been unavailable. Here we describe the pectoral appendage of …

Gene targeting experiments have shown that the murine Hoxa-13 and Hoxd-13 paralogous
genes control skeletal patterning in the distal region of the developing limbs. However, both …

The postcranial skeleton of Acanthostega gunnari from the Famennian of East Greenland
displays a unique, transitional, mixture of features conventionally associated with fishand …

In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of
early tetrapod relationships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for …

Abstract Vertebrate HoxA and HoxD cluster genes are required for proper limb
development,,. However, early lethality, compensation and redundancy have made a full …

Knowledge of the development and evolution of the neural crest sheds light on many of the
oldest unanswered questions in developmental biology. What is the role of germ layers in …