Introduction Topical drug delivery is highly attractive and yet faces tissue barrier challenges.
Different physical and chemical methods have been explored to facilitate topical drug …

Despite exciting advances in gene editing, the efficient delivery of genetic tools to
extrahepatic tissues remains challenging. This holds particularly true for the skin, which …

Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is an increasingly studied and applied methodology for
drug delivery. It has been used in a wide variety of clinical applications. Given the relatively …

Introduction Phototherapy has been one of the first and still frequently used treatment
modality for psoriasis. In the last decades, different types of lasers have been used for the …

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by high morbidity and a
tendency for recurrence. Although biologic therapy for lesion clearance can achieve PASI …

In vitro transcribed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) constitutes an emerging therapeutic
class with several clinical applications. This study presents a systematic comparison of …

The presence of the uppermost layer of the skin, referred to as the stratum corneum (SC),
restricts the therapeutic efficacy of many drugs by acting as a barrier for drug molecules …

Vaccination is the modern technique to control the spread of the infectious diseases.
Transdermal route of immunization has gained attention because of the large number of the …

Psoriasis is a persistent, inflammatory, autoimmune skin disorder which can be elicited by
genetic and environmental factors. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are abnormally …

Four patients with localized plaque psoriasis had used various systemic drugs along with
topical cream. However, their skin lesions recurred, and the disease was refractory. After 2 …