ABSTRACT Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused
devastating human and economic costs. Vaccination is an important step in controlling the …

When humans experience a new, devastating viral infection such as severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), significant challenges arise. How should …

Understanding the evolutionary strategies of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant is crucial for
comprehending the COVID-19 pandemic and preventing future coronavirus pandemics. In …

Pathology studies of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants of concern (VOC) are challenged by the
lack of pathogenic animal models. While Omicron BA. 1 and BA. 2 replicate in K18-hACE2 …

Highlights•SARS-CoV-2 infects multiple animal species, including domestic and
wildlife.•Reverse zoonosis is the main cause of animal SARS-CoV-2 infections.•Cross …

ABSTRACT Millions of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabit New York City (NYC),
presenting the potential for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Bat coronavirus RaTG13 shares about 96.2% nucleotide sequence identity with that of
SARS-CoV-2 and uses human and Rhinolophus affinis (Ra) angiotensin-converting enzyme …

Nanobodies are single-domain antibodies derived from camelid animals. Here, we
discovered three anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies, namely, Nanosota-2,-3, and-4, from an …

In this study, we systematically examine the conformational dynamics, binding and allosteric
communications in the Omicron BA. 1, BA. 2, BA. 3 and BA. 4/BA. 5 spike protein complexes …

The spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is
responsible for target recognition, cellular entry, and endosomal escape of the virus. At the …