Joris, PX, CE Schreiner, and A. Rees. Neural Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Sounds.
Physiol Rev 84: 541–577, 2004; 10.1152/physrev. 00029.2003.—Amplitude modulation …

Synapses show widely varying degrees of short-term facilitation and depression. Several
mechanisms have been proposed to underlie short-term plasticity, but the contributions of …

An algorithm is presented for the estimation of the fundamental frequency (F 0) of speech or
musical sounds. It is based on the well-known autocorrelation method with a number of …

The external ear or pinna (auricle) collects sound, which passes along the external auditory
canal to the eardrum (tympanic membrane)(Fig. 2.1). The middle ear (tympanum) is a cavity …

Timely delivery of information is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system.
Precise regulation of nerve conduction velocity is needed for correct exertion of motor skills …

▪ Abstract Neurons in the cochlear ganglion and auditory brain stem nuclei preserve the
relative timing of action potentials passed through sequential synaptic levels. To accomplish …

Time-varying envelopes are a common feature of acoustic communication signals like
human speech and induce a variety of percepts in human listeners. We studied the …

Sound location in azimuth is signaled by differences in the times of arrival (interaural time
difference, ITDs) and the amplitudes (interaural level differences, ILDs) of the stimuli at the …

This review investigates the roles of representation, transformation and coding as part of a
hierarchical process between sound and perception. This is followed by a survey of how …

▪ Abstract Vertebrate animals gain biologically important information from environmental
sounds. Localization of sound sources enables animals to detect and respond appropriately …