Over the last two decades, it has become evident that estrogens preserve the integrity of
energy homeostasis at central and peripheral levels. Estrogen deficiency, such as that …

Hormones regulate homeostasis by communicating through the bloodstream to the body's
organs, including the brain. As homeostatic regulators of brain function, some hormones …

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many
disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”. Over the past 30 years,
research has demonstrated that estrogens not only are important for female reproduction …

In the face of starvation, animals will engage in high-risk behaviors that would normally be
considered maladaptive. Starving rodents, for example, will forage in areas that are more …

Although nonclassical estrogen actions initiated at the cell surface have been described in
many tissues, the identities of the membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) mediating these …

Estrogen can elicit pleiotropic cellular responses via a diversity of estrogen receptors (ERs)—
mediated genomic and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. Unlike the genomic responses …

Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important
functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different …

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an estrogenic monomer commonly used in the manufacture of
numerous consumer products such as food and beverage containers. Widespread human …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …