Tramadol hydrochloride (TrHC) is a synthetic analgesic drug exhibiting opioid and non-
opioid properties, acting mainly on the central nervous system. It has been mostly used to …

Aims As an analgesic that acts upon the central nervous system (CNS), tramadol has gained
popularity in treating moderate to severe pain. Recently, it has been increasingly reported as …

With a focus on practical acute pain management in adults in the hospital setting, this book
provides health professionals with simple and practical information to help them manage …

Poisoning is a frequent cause of referral to medical emergencies and a major health
problem around the world, especially in developing countries. We aimed to review the …

Tramadol, a frequently used pain reliever drug, present neurotoxic effects associated to
cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, crocin has been reported to have neuroprotective effects …

Abstract Background and Aims Misuse of tramadol, an opioid prescription analgesic, is
known as a public health challenge globally. We aimed to systematically review studies on …

Introduction Tramadol exhibits an effect profile similar to that of opioid agonists, and
tramadol abuse seems to be a problem for a number of countries. The relationship between …

This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 …

Background: Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with opioid and nonopioid properties,
which extensively used in the relief of mild to moderate pain. Tramadol poisoning is a …

Background Tramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid for moderate to severe pain. Some
studies have shown that tramadol can increase oxidative stress in different tissues of the …