Abstract Summary writing is a useful instructional tool for learning. However, summary
writing is a challenge to many students. This mixed‐method study examined the potential of …

During reading, students construct mental models of what they read. Summaries can be
used to evaluate the latent knowledge structure of these mental models. We used indices …

Abstract Summary writing is an important skill that students use throughout their academic
careers, writing supports reading and vocabulary skills as well as the acquisition of content …

While key concepts embedded within an expert's textual explanation have been considered
an aspect of expert model, the complexity of textual data makes determining key concepts …

Previous research has shown that the knowledge structure (KS) complexity of a first
language (L1) under certain conditions can strongly influence the KS complexity established …

Measuring the ability of teachers is part of the evaluation in the national education system.
The development of the instrument in the form of essay questions has become an alternative …

摘要知识结构是信息加工中各类信息在记忆系统中的组织结构的反映. 为更好地表征和分析知识
结构, 研究者从教育科学技术和计算机技术的角度发展出一系列的研究方法和测量工具 …

Background: The 2019 SAR COV-2 outbreak ushered and made the term 'contactless'a new
normal for most businesses as a mitigation measure to risky coronavirus exposure. Similarly …

Teacher assessment is part of the evaluation and improvement process of teacher
competence. Accurate assessment will be an appropriate basis for developing competency …