During the processes leading to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure,
cardiomyocytes react to neurohumoral stimuli and biomechanical stress by activating …

Cardiac biomarkers are integral to the diagnosis and the treatment of acutely ill cardiac
patients. The Working Group on Acute Cardiac Care of the European Society of Cardiology …

The natriuretic peptides (NPs) play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in the
cardiovascular system, serving as counter-regulatory hormones for volume and pressure …

Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) are
the products of the enzyme-mediated cleavage of their precursor molecule, proBNP. The …

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic cardiovascular disease that represents main cause of mortality
worldwide, particularly for elderly. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was …

The LC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) is an increasingly common tool in
the clinical laboratory. Established applications include routine assays for detecting inborn …

Background: The discovery of the cardiac endocrine function more than 25 years ago was a
breakthrough for the implementation of a routine laboratory marker of heart failure. The heart …

Background—Multiple B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) fragments circulate in patients with
heart failure (HF) but the types and relative quantities, particularly in relation to bioactive …

The natriuretic peptide (NP) system is composed of 3 distinct peptides (atrial natriuretic
peptide or ANP, B-type natriuretic peptide or BNP, and C-type natriuretic peptide or CNP) …

Diagnosis of heart failure (HF) is not based on a single test, but on a combination of history,
physical examination and appropriate investigations. For these reasons, the accuracy of …