Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms represent biological
macromolecules with unfathomable potentials and they are required to be explored further …

Of the many pathogens that infect humans and animals, a large number use cells of the host
organism as protected sites for replication. To reach the relevant intracellular compartments …

Protein interactions with peptides generally have low thermodynamic and mechanical
stability. Streptococcus pyogenes fibronectin-binding protein FbaB contains a domain with a …

Bacterial adhesion is the initial step in colonization and biofilm formation. Biofilms can, on
the one hand, be detrimental to both human life and industrial processes, for example …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic
cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three …

The cell wall envelopes of gram-positive bacteria represent a surface organelle that not only
functions as a cytoskeletal element but also promotes interactions between bacteria and …

In Gram‐positive bacteria proteins are displayed on the cell surface using sortase enzymes.
These cysteine transpeptidases join proteins bearing an appropriate sorting signal to …

Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that, in addition to its traditional
use in food fermentations, is increasingly used in modern biotechnological applications. In …

Microbial biofilm formed on abiotic surfaces is an important area of research because of the
wide range of possible affects and the disinfectant resistance of the cells. The colonization of …

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanomachine widely distributed among
pathogenic and commensal Gram-negative bacteria. The T6SS is used for inter-bacterial …